Bitcoin Cold Storage Step-by-Step Tutorial to verify software, securely generate addresses, and safely store BSV keys on a password encrypted LUKS USB Drive.
Preface:
For questions or comments about this tutorial or Bitcoin in general please visit our reddit sub /r/bitcoincashSV
It has been known for a while that storage solutions for Bitcoin-BSV have been more difficult for mainstream users than other coins. Since BSV is the real Bitcoin, it has been feared, hated, censored, propagandized, attacked, delisted, and has become a pariah in the “crypto” industry. The reason is because the true Bitcoin is light, and crypto is darkness, by definition. And there is nothing more terrifying to vampires than light.
The enemies of Satoshi and Bitcoin have landed heavy blows against us real Bitcoiners, we have been delisted from exchanges. We have been censored, harassed, slandered, DDOSed, and persecuted for being loyal to Satoshi’s vision. Hardware wallets have dropped support for BSV, while mocking and attacking us, and playing dirty tricks and supporting thousands of scamcoins and illegal securities instead. Some BSV members still use these hardware wallets with electrumSV as a hack-a-round solution, but it is riddled with bugs and does not work well. Recently people had to downgrade firmware to make it work again. I don’t think it is a wise decision to hold BSV on a device run by a company that wants to sabotage Bitcoin. So my advice is lets de-list them instead.
No weapon forged against us shall prosper. At the end of the day, what does not kill us only makes us stronger. True Bitcoiners need to learn to adapt to the hostile conditions in this space. But I was somewhat horrified recently when I polled some twitter followers to find out that less than 1/3 of BSV investors are using secure storage for their Bitcoins, and over 2/3 of people are primarily storing their coins in exchanges or on phone/desktop wallets. Storing coins in hot wallets and on exchanges leaves them more vulnerable to theft and loss. Its time to take responsibility and get educated on how to store your Bitcoins properly. It will take a small amount of time and effort, but it will be well worth it.
When using cold storage you can achieve a much higher level of security than hardware devices. Also think of the risk to the BSV community and the Bitcoin economic system with so many people using hot wallets and exchanges for their investments. If a popular wallet or service has an exploit and everyone loses their coins it is going to really damage the Bitcoin ecosystem. Old-timers will remember the Mt.Gox hack and what that did to the perception of Bitcoin for years. In fact it was the narrative that “malleability” was the cause of the Mt.Gox hack that directly lead to the implementation of segwit on BTC and the destruction of satoshi’s vision on their system. They said we “needed” segwit to solve malleability. It was Mark Karpeles that shifted blame and said its up to Bitcoin developers to fix malleability, and everyone took the bait. Lets not repeat history. Also do not forget how much BSV is hated. Neck-beards, troll teams, dragon dens, shitcoiners, hackers, and criminals are working over time to attack BSV and they are well funded. Some of us who have been targets of their social attacks know this all too well.
So it is time we get educated and trained in how to be true Bitcoin users and put up our security defenses. Imagine how many investors would choose to invest more in BSV if they had a secure storage solution that they felt confident in. Imagine how many BSVers would sleep better at night if they just took a few hours to educate themselves about how Bitcoin really works and how to secure Bitcoins properly. What you will learn from following this tutorial is far more valuable than your monetary investment. I have always said the real investment is in knowledge and using Bitcoin yourself and understanding how it works and how to take charge by securing your own coins, financial future, and freedom. BTC hoddlers don’t know these things, they hold things on sketchy hardware wallets or exchanges, they trust others. But real Bitcoiners should learn how to trust themselves. What does the whitepaper say throughout, and in section 12? “We have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust.”. Taking trust out of the equation is part of the essence of being a true Bitcoiner.
Lets Begin:
Now there are many ways to store Bitcoins securely, and no way is necessarily right or wrong. Every method has pros and cons. Remember there is no such thing as 100% security. Encryption and security is probabilistic. Things can be too secure also, like if you make the password too hard and then forget it. When deciding how to secure your Bitcoins, learn to take the details of your own situation into consideration. For example if storing large amounts, you probably should have more precautions and safeguards in place.
One simple way to store coins in cold storage is as Craig Wright has suggested, using an offline phone. This can be a simple, quick, and effective solution. There is also an option with simply.cash for example to set the wallet up on two phones, one to store your keys and the other to broadcast transactions. But that is not the tutorial here. We will rely only on open source, time tested tools, and our own knowledge and common sense. The goal is to have a security solution that you feel confident enough in to hold your savings and investment for the long term, with easy access when wanted.
Tutorial:
Some of the credit for this tutorial goes to Kristov Atlas, a security and Bitcoin privacy researcher, and his video tutorial from 7 years ago which can be watched here. He has done some good work including exposing how blockchain.info’s mixing service was flawed in terms of privacy. The video is a little outdated and not tailored for BSV, and has some difficult parts, so the goal is to improve upon it and make the chore of learning cold storage much easier.
The goal here is to create Bitcoin private key/public address pairs in a cold storage environment and then be able to optionally store the private keys on a LUKS encrypted USB drive that is password protected. Then the private keys are able to later be “sweeped” or imported at your desire into a BSV hot wallet for use. You will be able to send coins to and from your cold storage whenever you want, using a smaller hot wallet for spending. This way you reduce your risk. If coins are ever lost or stolen from your hot wallet, you only lose a small amount of your total holdings. When coins run out you can top off your balance by sweeping some private keys from cold storage.
Items you will need:
The items you will need for this tutorial are a laptop computer and several USB drives. The more USBs the better so you can back up your keys multiple times in case the drive somehow fails, gets corrupted or gets lost. The USBs don’t have to contain very much space, even a 4GB or 8GB drive can be useful for our purposes. Some of the drives will have to be formatted and wiped during the process so they should be empty. The other items that you will need are the digital files that can be found in links throughout the tutorial.
Creating boot-able USB drive:
Edit: I have created an updated tutorial on creating a boot-able live operating system here.
The first step is to create a boot-able operating system on one of the USB drives. We are going to use it along with your laptop to create the cold storage environment needed to create secure Bitcoin keys. The reason we use the boot-able device is because this way the keys will never exist on your hard drive. It defeats the purpose of cold storage if you create them on your hard-drive and then later connect to the internet and surf around. Once you connect to the internet there is no way to guarantee the private keys were not somehow broadcast to attackers/hackers/eavesdroppers. If you already know how to create a boot-able drive you can skip ahead.
To create the bootable operating system on the USB drive, I am recommending to use the open source Linux Ubuntu operating system. The latest version of Ubuntu is Ubuntu Desktop 20.04 LTS and can be downloaded here. You can choose other versions if you prefer, this tutorial works well with Ubuntu version 18.04 as well. What you are downloading is called an “iso image” and it is a .iso file with the image of the Ubuntu operating system used for installation or trying out the OS. We aren’t going to install the OS on your hard-drive, we are simply going to “try ubuntu” and test it out from the USB drive. This way nothing goes on the hard-drive, everything exists in memory and when the system is shut down any traces of the keys are basically wiped. This is one of the most secure ways we can create keys.
So there are several ways to create the boot-able USB drive. Here is a tutorial for MacOS. Here is a tutorial for ubuntu. I will provide an easier way to do it on linux below. Here is a tutorial for Windows using a tool called “rufus”. I have not used this tool before, but I am sure it works fine for Windows users if you prefer to follow that tutorial. Otherwise I suggest the tutorial below for windows users.
For Windows Users:
I suggest windows users create the boot-able Ubuntu USB drive using the Universal USB installer found here. Also you are going to need the Ubuntu .iso file also linked here and above (Click the download tab and then its 20.04 LTS, the green button). It may be helpful to keep all of these files on one of your USB sticks for future use, be aware the .iso files are pretty big files, over 2GB. It may also take some time to download.
Once you download these two files, first plug one of your empty USB drives into your computer. This is the USB we are going tot make into a boot-able Ubuntu drive. A 4GB drive will probably work, but an 8GB drive may be needed in the future as the .iso files are getting bigger. Then go ahead and launch the universal usb installer. Click “I agree”, then you can fill in the form with details. From the first drop down select “Ubuntu” in Step 1. Then click the “browse” button in step 2 in order to locate and select the Ubuntu .iso file you downloaded. It should be titled “ubuntu-20.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso”. Double click to select it. If you use other flavors or older versions of Ubuntu this tutorial should work fine also. In step 3 select the empty USB drive you just plugged in. You may have to click the box to show all drives. Make sure you select the proper drive so you won’t erase the wrong drive by accident. Click the box that says “Will Fat32 Format Drive”, then also click the box that says “Will wipe”. For step 4 leave the persistence at 0 MB, we don’t want that feature since it could be bad for security. You should see the options as labeled in this image. Then you can click “create” and wait for the Ubuntu operating system .iso image to be imprinted onto the USB drive, it should take several minutes, do not unplug the drive or power off your machine. An 8GB drive is probably sufficient for this purpose, but it will probably work with a 4GB drive also, anything bigger is extra.
For Linux users: Now if you were using linux or ubuntu already and want to create boot-able drives you can just use the disk utility option. Click on the bottom left start menu, and then type in “disk” until you see the disk utility icon show up and click it, you will see a screen like this. Now plug in your blank USB drive and it will appear in the disk utility list. Find it in the list and make sure you select the proper drive and then click the button with 3 dots on the top right and then click “restore disk image”. Then it asks you to select the image to restore, you want to select the Ubuntu or other .iso image of your choosing then click “start restoring”. It will take many minutes, once complete, the USB should be ready for booting.
Booting into the USB ubuntu OS:
Once finished we are ready to go on to the next step which is booting the laptop into the USB Ubuntu operating system. This part is probably the trickiest part of the tutorial because everyone’s system is different. The first thing you can do is power off your machine. Then plug the Ubuntu USB drive into the computer. Then press the power button to boot the system and see if the system will automatically boot into ubuntu. There is a good chance it will, but also a good chance it won’t work and you will boot into your main hard-drive or operating system as usual.
So if Ubuntu succeeded in booting you can skip ahead. Otherwise we will try again, so go ahead and power off the computer again and plug in the boot-able USB. But this time when we reboot we will try to enter the BIOS menu on boot. Every computer has a BIOS menu where you can select boot settings. On most computers you press and hold the F12 key while booting, sometimes it is a different F key, or on some Sony laptops it is the “assist” key that allows you to get into the BIOS menu. With a little research you can probably figure it out for whatever model laptop you are using. Once you get into the BIOS menu, you will most likely see a blue screen like this.
Use the tab button/arrows, or mouse and the space bar to navigate to the “boot” tab. Then you want to make sure boot options will enable you to boot into USB. So check to see if “external boot device” is enabled. If it is “disabled”, navigate to it and change it to “enabled”. Also look at the “boot priority”. You want to make sure “external device” is the number one priority, otherwise it will prioritize booting from your hard-drive. So use the tab key and space bar to rearrange the order of the boot priority list so external boot is on top. The other option you may have to switch is “boot mode”, you may have to change this from “UEFI” to “legacy” mode to get the USB to boot on some systems. You can experiment with both UEFI and legacy mode, restart and see if it will boot into the Ubuntu USB drive. Don’t worry about screwing your system up with the BIOS settings, it won’t harm anything. You can always boot back into BIOS and change the settings back when you are finished if you have trouble booting into your regular operating system later. A trick is to snap a photo with your phone so you can remember what settings to put them back to. If you want to boot back into your hard drive just make sure the Ubuntu USB media is removed first.
So once you successfully get Ubuntu to boot, you will encounter a screen like this. You don’t want to install ubuntu on your main hard-drive, so press the “try ubuntu” button instead, this will allow you to try the Ubuntu OS on the USB device without installing it on your hard drive. After pressing the button the operating system will boot and you will see a desktop like this. If you wanted to connect Ubuntu to the internet on the top right you could then start surfing around the internet using firefox browser from the sidebar. But we won’t do that because we want to keep the environment cold and never connect the internet. Make sure your computer is not plugged into any ethernet cables. Also if you have an external switch for wifi or bluetooth make sure to turn it off manually.
We have now for the most part created the cold environment. As an added precaution go to the top right and click the little downward white triangle. You will see it say “wifi-not connected” which is good for our purposes. But for added safety go ahead and select the option to “Turn off” wifi. Then underneath this it shows blue tooth connections and says “on”. Now select the option to turn blue tooth off as well. Now it will show you that airplane mode is on. Once you see that airplane icon in the top right you know you are good and a cold environment has been created. Now it is safe to begin the process of generating your Bitcoin cold storage keys, although first we will set up a few things.
Creating a LUKS encrypted USB drive on linux/Ubuntu:
You have the option in Ubuntu to create a LUKS encrypted device that is protected with a password. LUKS stands for “Linux Unified Key Setup” and is the standard for disk encryption on linux. To do this is pretty simple, first you need an empty dedicated USB drive. We will use Ubuntu to encrypt the entire drive. You will need the password to unlock the drive or write to/access files on the encrypted USB drive. If you are not interested in storing your coins on an encrypted drive you can skip ahead in the tutorial.
The first step is to plug in the empty USB drive into Ubuntu, it will be formatted and wiped in the process. Then open the disk utility feature in Ubuntu, by clicking the start menu on the bottom left of the desktop. Type in “disk” and you should see the “disks” option pop up. Now click it and you will see the disk utility screen. Make sure to select the correct drive that you plan to encrypt with LUKS, otherwise you might erase the wrong drive by accident. If you have trouble figuring out which drive it is, eject and then re-plug the empty USB into your computer and you will see it disappear and reappear from the menu.
The next step is to click the button with the 3 dots on the top right of the Disks window. You are given the option to format disk, create disk image, or restore disk image.. Choose the “format disk” option. You have the option to overwrite the USB with 0s to wipe it, but it will take longer, maybe many minutes or even hours depending on the size of your drive and your system. Otherwise it will still erase the contents during formatting, but the contents may still be easily recoverable forensically. But this option is much quicker to setup. Security wise, it probably makes sense to be more paranoid and wipe the drive. So choose the options in the dropdown. In the other dropdown you can choose “no partitioning (empty)” Then click the “format” button. It will ask you if you are sure you want to format the disk, then click “format” again.
Once finished with the initial format, we are going to set up the LUKS encrypted volume with password. Click on the button with the two small gears for additional partition options. Then click “Format Partition” and you will see this screen. Now you can put in a name for your encrypted volume, here I chose the name “EncryptedBitcoinStorage”. Again you have the choice to erase/wipe the drive with 0s, but be aware this will take longer. Then under “Type”, select “Internal disk for use with Linux systems only (Ext4)”. Also check the box that says “Password protect volume (LUKS)”. The encrypted disk will be compatible with other linux systems, but probably not with windows. So to access the drive later you will need to boot back into linux/Ubuntu. Click “next” and you will see this screen where you will put in the password used to unlock the encrypted volume.
Side note: If you forget the password, the coins may be lost. So it is up to you if you want to choose a very easy password, or you can put a hard password that makes it more secure against theft. A password that uses many random characters including capital letters, small letters, numbers and symbols makes it more secure. Real words make it more guessable but easier to remember. If hackers get the drive they will be able to use software to try and brute force the password, so keep that in mind. You can decide to write the password on paper, which protects against forgetting it, but opens up a new avenue for theft. You can try to remember the password and not write it down, but there is a chance you will forget it later. It might be worth to share the password with someone you trust. Those decisions are something everyone has to make for their own unique situation.
After you put in the password, select “Next”. It will ask you to confirm details, and then you can press the red “Format” button. After many minutes or hours depending on your system and size of the drive (more if you chose the “erase” option during setup), it will encrypt the device with some open source encryption algorithms. Be patient for it to finish. Is it perfect encryption? No, there is no 100% secure encryption, but to learn more about LUKS and some of its strengths and weaknesses this blog is an interesting read.
Now your drive should be encrypted and setup and ready to go. To test it click on the folder icon seen on the left sidebar of ubuntu, find the drive, it should be named by the title you gave the drive, right click to eject or safely remove drive. Then wait a few seconds and plug in the drive again and Ubuntu should automatically ask you for your password, type in your password and click “ok” to open the drive. If all went well it should work successfully and you can now load private files into the USB drive. Another thing you might want to do is right click on the drive and click “properties” and then click the permissions tab so “others” will be able to read and write to the file and access files. Next to “Owner” “Group” and “Others” make sure the drop down says “create and delete” files if possible. Don’t change anything else. Then click the button to “change permissions for enclosed files”, and you will see this screen. Select “Read and write” and “create and delete files” from each of the dropdown menus. Then click the “change” button. This way if you unlock the USB on a different linux system it won’t tell you that you’re not the owner and block you from reading or writing files which can sometimes happen on other linux distributions like TAILS for example.
Generating Bitcoin Keys With Core software:
Now we get towards the part where we are able to confidently generate secure Bitcoin private keys and public addresses in the cold environment. To generate keys there are many different options. There are some hardware wallets like Ellipal wallet for example that work for BSV but only allow you to have one key and one address. This is not ideal. Satoshi in the whitepaper tells us in section 10 titled Privacy: “a new key pair should be used for each transaction to keep them from being linked to a common owner.” Other wallets are called “HD” wallets or hierarchical deterministic wallets because they derive keys from one master key or seed. Wallets that you see with seed phrase backups are HD, for example electrumSV and many phone wallets.
These are probably safe for the most part, but HD wallets do have some unique vulnerabilities by linking all addresses and keys in such a way. If an attacker gets ahold of even one of your private keys along with your master public key which helps wallets derive your addresses, then the hacker could use a math equation to steal all of the rest of your keys in that HD wallet. Something called “hardened” HD keys are supposed to help prevent this, but I rather avoid HD wallets altogether if possible. For that reason I am not recommending HD wallets as the #1 recommended method here, although if you use them and understand the risks it may not be a bad option. One benefit to using an HD set up is you can write your seed words on paper, with our method you can’t do that, although you could print paper wallet QR codes.
Now we have a few good options for when it comes to using non-HD and generating Bitcoin keys. It is important to use time-tested open source generation methods. There have been instances where wallets had a poor implementation and flaw when generating addresses. This resulted in keys that were not secure due to bugs in the entropy/randomness needed for good cryptographic security, so hackers could easily guess the keys or generate them themselves, or users would accidentally generate the same addresses.
For this reason the first program I would recommend for generating keys is the Bitcoin Core software. The SV client team has moved away from supporting the QT wallet for regular users and they are more focused on providing software for miners and enterprise businesses. So using Core to generate keys is probably the best option for regular people. The Core client is the oldest software with the most eyes on it. If there were bugs in key generation they probably would have been found by now. To use Core, it is best to go back in time to before Bitcoin Core implemented segwit as well as HD wallets. Bitcoin Core Version 0.13.0 introduced mandatory HD wallets, and version 0.16.0 introduced “full support” for segwit. Now in the newest Core versions, segwit is default and you can’t even create a legacy address without altering the bitcoin.conf config file using the “addresstype=legacy” argument, or by using the debug console and command “getnewaddress legacy”. If you send your BSV real Bitcoins to segwit addresses they could be lost, so always make sure your addresses begin with a “1” and you will know you are for sure not using segwit.
You can find some of the old and new core versions here. To avoid HD wallets and segwit altogether, I recommend going back in time and using version 0.12.0 of the Core software which can be downloaded here. Download and save the “bitcoin-0.12.0-linux64.tar.gz” file to one of your USB drives for future use. This version of the software was before HD wallets were introduced in Core and before segwit was default in Core software. Don’t think of it as using Core software, think of it as going back to dig up and salvage a piece of software designed by Satoshi and those helping him before Core destroyed Satoshi’s Vision on their client.
Verifying/Installing/Running Core:
If you want some extra reading you can check out the /r/bitcoin tutorial for verifying Core here. This won’t exactly work for us, since we are verifying the old Core software version 0.12.0, not the new Core version.
So we just downloaded Core software 0.12.0, but how do you know the file is the real file and not a fake one interjected by a hacker in some type of man in the middle attack? This is very unlikely, but the only way to know for sure is to verify the hash of the software. To do this you are going to boot back into Ubuntu with the Core .tar.gz file ready to be grabbed from one of your empty USBs. Once booted into Ubuntu, follow the procedure from above to turn off the internet/bluetooth and put ubuntu into airplane mode. Then plug in the USB with the Core software file, and copy paste the.tar.gz file to the Downloads folder directory. You can navigate there by clicking the folder on the left side bar. The file is already zipped so leave it that way until we extract it with a special command.
The next step is to open the terminal command line interface for Ubuntu. To do this click the start menu on the bottom left and search for “terminal”. Then click the terminal icon to launch the terminal. The terminal should then popup like this. Since we pasted the .tar.gz file into the Download directory earlier, type in the command “cd Downloads” into the command interface and press enter to switch to the “Downloads” directory like this.
In the next step we are going to start to verify that the software we are using to generate keys is legit. If you don’t want to do this step now, you can skip ahead to the “launch Core” section and just run Bitcoin Core now.
Otherwise we will begin to verify the software by first doing the following command in the terminal while still in the Downloads directory:
sha256sum bitcoin-0.12.0-linux64.tar.gz
Then press enter, and you should see this output. What Ubuntu has done is take the data in the Core file and hashed it using sha256 and it has returned the sum: ad97b28524d4f64f06549fb7d0ca45cfaa0f35090cf230cd80f3ad8cb8eaf9bd
Every valid Core software for linux64bit should have the same hash sum result. What I mean is the linux 32bit version has a certain hash, the linux64bit version has a different hash, the windows version has a certain hash. But no matter where you download each specific version, when you hash it you will always get the same number output. If the file was altered in any way it would not hash to the same number. The way we can tell the software is legit is by comparing this hash to known signatures from the Core developers, in this case Wladimir Van der Laan, BlockStream’s patsy and the Core gatekeeper of the github repo. Here is a copy of the signature for the hashes for the Core 0.12.0 software for a variety of systems. The signature can be downloaded from bitcoincore.org here. Just click and download the “SHA256SUMS.asc” file, which contains the following signature:
— — -BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE — — -
Hash: SHA256
42cee702ece98d5bd488c6f231a07dfa0299f3e4010d6f76f021a8a432a48ed7 bitcoin-0.12.0-linux32.tar.gz
ad97b28524d4f64f06549fb7d0ca45cfaa0f35090cf230cd80f3ad8cb8eaf9bd bitcoin-0.12.0-linux64.tar.gz
27bc1876de6fbfc635bf0908d8fb038fe61be7188b067786b7d41f4802a20f6c bitcoin-0.12.0-osx64.tar.gz
0c7e0791934800c7f8e218e29b4fe53a9356a23996dd5dcdf4c64f8e61e45015 bitcoin-0.12.0-osx.dmg
0f1cda66c841a548a07cc37e80b0727354b1236d9f374c7d44362acdb85eb3e1 bitcoin-0.12.0.tar.gz
939a7bde3f2583e2357e417d12af3193cda7cc2bb094c8f6278959a117726ccd bitcoin-0.12.0-win32-setup.exe
ff74a60ae29c94fdbb11189a81191ca3b28534589e7febff3a9d45a2f9d5bed1 bitcoin-0.12.0-win32.zip
fab68debc8c615ef23c4d9abec02882bf1f901faea5db4bca054d4f6323b3cc4 bitcoin-0.12.0-win64-setup.exe
f0fb4b74adbeeb1f6da570cede9949b53092e0df00e4628c47661ef9edd1aced bitcoin-0.12.0-win64.zip
— — -BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE — — -
Version: GnuPG v1.4.11 (GNU/Linux)
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=CKUR
— — -END PGP SIGNATURE — — -
If reading/copying PGP signatures/keys on medium, you will need to adjust all of the dashes for example where it says “ — — -END PGP SIGNATURE — — -” There should be 5 dashes on each side for gpg software to read it properly, but for some reason on medium the dashes get translated into longer lines.
The signature can also be downloaded from bitcoin.org here. I have also loaded the signature to the Bitcoin (SV) ledger here, where it can be downloaded, and is immutably time-stamped so that it cannot be altered. It is good to verify the signature and hash from multiple sources. As you can see, the hash we saw in our command interface matches the one in the signature for bitcoin-0.12.0-linux64.tar.gz, you will see the hash “ad97b28524d4f64f06549fb7d0ca45cfaa0f35090cf230cd80f3ad8cb8eaf9bd” included in the signature. Now that is pretty good proof already that the file is legit, but to be 100% sure we would then verify the authenticity of the signature using Wladimir Van der Laan’s public key seen on reddit here. Also you can download his same public signing keys from bitcoin.org, direct link here. You can also find Wladmir’s same public signing key on GitHub. I have also etched some websites forever onto the Bitcoin blockchain where they are immutably time-stamped. Here the reddit page with Wlad’s key is etched onto BSV. Here is Wlad’s key on github etched onto the Bitcoin ledger. It is good to verify it from multiple sources to know it is legit. I will paste it here below for redundancy (it is a ridiculously long key):
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Ns7Q4CvPiDhyAITpsiwv4uuSd0WC1cLdY+poO7TKkRSK5Rti0oWB =3c2D — — -END PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK — — -
This is the updated key, you can verify with some of his old keys as well. So now we have Wladimir’s signing key and the signed message that includes our matched hash “ad97b28524d4f64f06549fb7d0ca45cfaa0f35090cf230cd80f3ad8cb8eaf9bd”. We can use PGP/GPG software to verify the signature is good. To do this I would recommend using gpg4usb. Another option you can try is pgp4win, or other PGP software of your choice.
Simply download the gpg4usb file, then locate the file on your computer, most likely in your download folder. Then right click the file and choose to extract the contents. The software is also designed to be used on USB with a variety of different systems if you prefer. After extracting contents you will see these files. If on windows click the key icon to “start windows”. Click “run” and then you will see this launch screen. Now simply import Wladimir’s key by first copying Wlad’s public key block to the clipboard and then clicking the “Import Key” button and selecting “clipboard” from the dropdown. This should import Wlad’s key as seen here. Now copy the signed message we intend to verify, and paste it into the text document within the gpg4usb software like seen here. Then simply click the button that says “verify” at the top with the green check and it will tell you if the signed message is legit or not. Here it verifies the signature and says “Text was completely signed by: Wladimir J. van der Laan”. So at this point we have completely verified the signature and the hash of our Core software and we can trust that it is legit.
Running/Launching Core:
Now that we have verified the software we can launch Core by going back to the terminal command line interface. You should still be in the “Downloads” directory. If not then go there by typing “cd Downloads” and press enter. The next command is to type/paste the following:
tar xzf bitcoin-0.12.0-linux64.tar.gz
Then press enter. The above command will extract the files from the .tar.gz file. Make sure to do this from the command line as it uses the “xzf” argument which is important.
Next type the following command also in the downloads directory:
sudo install -m 0755 -o root -g root -t /usr/local/bin bitcoin-0.12.0/bin/*
The above command installs the Bitcoin Core software, getting it ready for use.
Now while still in the download directory, to run/launch Bitcoin Core simply type the command:
/usr/local/bin/bitcoin-qt
And press enter, and you should see Bitcoin Core QT client pop up like seen here. We won’t be worrying about downloading any blockchain so just press “ok” to continue and Core will launch as seen here. If you see a message about an expired alert key just ignore it. Now that Core is fully installed, any time you want to run Core again just open the terminal and type “cd Downloads” to change to the Downloads directory, and then type: /usr/local/bin/bitcoin-qt and press enter and Core should launch.
Generating Keys in Bitcoin Core:
Now that we have successfully launched Bitcoin Core 0.12.0 we can begin the process of generating keys. There are a few ways to do this in Core software. One way is to go to the receive tab and start pressing the button to request payment. The other way is to go click “file” on the top left and then go to “receiving addresses” and press the “new” button repeatedly. You can also export the addresses from there. Be aware sometimes the addresses on the receive tab can differ from the list under “receiving addresses”.
Now to get access to the raw private keys for these addresses we need to use the Bitcoin core debug console and use some easy commands. You can also create private keys and addresses using the Core debug console. It is up to you how many addresses/private key pairs you want to create. To open the console click the “help” tab at the top of the wallet and then click “debug window”, then click the “console” tab. To get familiar with some of the commands you can type “help” into the console then press enter and it will tell you all of the commands used in the console.
Now if you want to generate a single address in the console use the command:
getnewaddress
Then press enter. This will spit out a brand new Bitcoin address. You can repeat this as many times as you want to create more addresses. If you want the private key associated with that address then use the command:
dumpprivkey [address]
When you paste the address delete the brackets ([ ]). This will spit out the private key in WIFC format. It will show you the compressed private key which always begins with either a “K” or an “L”. These can always be converted if ever needed into the uncompressed format that always begins with a “5”.
Now if you want to create many more addresses instead of one at a time use command:
keypoolrefill (n)
Where n is the number of keys you want to generate. So if you want say 50,000 addresses, use command:
keypoolrefill 50000
Then press enter and after a few seconds or minutes the wallet will have 50,000 generate addresses. If you want to export these addresses and private keys into a text document then do command:
dumpwallet “filename”
Name the file whatever you want so for example I could do:
dumpwallet 50kaddresses
Then press enter and it will dump all 50,000 addresses and associated private keys to a txt document in your download folder. Put this in your LUKS encrypted drive and consider making several backups on other LUKS drives.
I would suggest to consider putting your coins in many addresses because it helps for privacy and security. Even Dr. Wright has said something like you should never put too many coins in one address. It also becomes a target for brute force theft over time. Not to mention in the future there may be AML/KYC requirements for larger addresses or penalties for structuring. So keep those things in mind when deciding how many addresses to use.
For redundancy you should also backup the “wallet.dat” file from the Core graphical interface. To do that click “file” on the top left of the wallet then click “backup wallet”. It will ask you to rename the file and save it. Anytime you create new addresses you have to then backup your wallet again or the data won’t be saved properly. Later if you want to restore your wallet you will replace this file in the .bitcoin folder and rename it to “wallet.dat” to restore your wallet. Save this backup file to your LUKS encrypted devices also.
If you want to restore Bitcoin Core and your wallet.dat on a future Ubuntu session then boot ubuntu into airplane mode and install Core. Then launch Core as shown above, then close it out and shutdown Core. This will create the .bitcoin folder so we can then alter it. So then go to the “home” folder and click the button with the 3 bars on the top right and click to “show hidden files”, then you should see the .bitcoin folder appear. Double click the .bitcoin folder and you will see a wallet.dat file. You want to delete that wallet.dat and replace it with the backup we made earlier. Then you want to rename your backup to “wallet.dat” inside the .bitcoin folder. Then we are ready to relaunch Core again, so type in the command in the terminal that we learned above to launch Core and your Core wallet should launch and be fully restored with all of your addresses and private keys.
At this point the process is mostly done. Another Core console command you might find useful is to list all of your addresses by doing command:
listreceivedbyaddress 0 true
But this will only list addresses that you added to the GUI interface or addresses created using ‘getnewaddress”. So if you did “keypoolrefill” and “dumpwallet” instead as mentioned above, you might want to separate all of the public addresses and private key pairs into two separate files. This way you can put the public addresses onto a hot computer or USB drive and monitor your addresses and send coins to them if needed, while still keeping the private keys safe. If you want to do this and have generated a lot of addresses I suggest using the “LibreOffice Calc” open source software that comes already installed in ubuntu. You can download this free for windows too here. If you go to the start menu on the bottom left of ubuntu and search for the software you will see the green version is similar to Microsoft Excel and comes already installed. The Blue version is similar to Microsoft Word. You can paste the addresses/private keys into the LibreOffice Calc document into columns, then they are easier to manipulate, select, separate and copy/paste. Just make sure you also keep an original copy that has the addresses and private keys linked together. This way when you sweep keys later you can choose which addresses to sweep. Remember, don’t accidentally plug the device with your private keys on it into a hot computer. You could use one of these LibreOffice documents as a ledger to keep track of your coins as well.
Once you have your keys and addresses backed up in their appropriate places you want to safely remove the encrypted LUKS drives and power off Ubuntu. This way there will be no traces of your keys left anywhere. Always navigate to your LUKS drives and “eject” or “safely remove” the drives when taking them out to reduce the risk of the drive becoming corrupted. Then wait until ubuntu tells you it is safe to remove it. I have heard data exists in memory on your laptop for a very short time. One thing paranoid people might do is restart into Ubuntu and shut down a few times before going back online to increase the chances that the data is removed from the memory of the system. Some people might also recommend destroying the boot-able USB drive that you used to create the keys, or keeping the laptop offline forever, but that may just be for the ultra paranoid.
Redeeming coins:
Ok so now we have successfully created cold storage wallets, so imagine it is time to spend some of the coins you saved in cold storage, so what do you do? Just follow the procedure we did before, booting into ubuntu, put it in airplane mode. Once in airplane mode, plug in your encrypted LUKS drive that holds your private keys and type in your password. Open the file you saved with the addresses and private keys on them. Hopefully you kept track of which addresses hold what coins, you can look on a block explorer for this too. Now you can grab the private keys in order to import or sweep them into a new wallet. An easy way to do this is with simply.cash wallet. Just use the sweep option and type in the private key, or you can just press the camera button to scan a QR code of the private key. I would advise you to be very careful of cameras being around when you open your private keys on Ubuntu. If a computer, a security camera, even a phone camera catches a glimpse of your private keys, maybe it could be stolen by hackers. So keep that in mind.
A good tool to use to convert your private keys to QR codes is Ampere QR code creator. You can download this file for linux. To get it to run on Ubuntu just paste the file into your download folder and then right click the file and click “properties”. Then click the “permissions” tab and then next to “Execute” click the box that says “allow executing as program”. After this you should be able to double click the file and launch it. For some reason I was not able to get it to work on Ubuntu 20.04, but it did work on Ubuntu 18.04. I was able to get Ampere to work through the Ubuntu software center for Ubuntu 20.04, but that requires internet connection. Another option is to use bitaddress to display QR codes instead, see below for tutorial on bitaddress.
Also another option to redeem private keys is to use the “import private key” function in electrumSV to import private keys from your cold storage. You are also able to paste multiple keys at a time to import them. Now to clarify, “sweeping” as is done with simply.cash means the wallet is scanning the private key for coins and then it will “sweep” the entire contents of that address into a fresh new address within the wallet. So sweeping is sending a transaction of all contents of the private key. Its better to send the entire contents of a key from storage so nothing will accidentally get lost in change addresses, so that is what sweeping does. “Importing” private keys into a wallet like electrumSV or Guarda wallet, works differently. You can import the keys and then see your coins and have ability to send them. But importing alone won’t require any transactions to be broadcast to the blockchain.
Bitaddress.org:
So another option to create QR codes (as well as private keys) is to use bitaddress.org. Bitaddress is an open source tool that has been around for years that creates non-HD Bitcoin keys and has other features as well to help people print paper wallets. But we want to be able to run the bitaddress website while offline in a cold environment, not connected to the internet. So Download the html version of the site from github here. Press the green button and download the .zip file and save it to one of your empty USB drives. Now when you boot into Ubuntu airplane mode you can run the html of bitaddress without needing to be connected to the internet. Once in ubuntu simply plug in the USB drive with your bitaddress file and copy and paste the file into the downloads folder. Then right click on the file within your downloads folder and click “extract here”. You will see an extracted folder appear that says “bitaddress.org-master”. Double click to open the folder and you will see some files including one that says “bitaddress.org.html”. Double click it and you will see the bitaddress website load onto your browser. It is now able to load the full site without needing internet connection. Using the html file allows us to use the website and create keys while completely offline. If you want to generate a QR code for your own private keys then click the “wallet details” button, enter the private key in the space, and the QR code will appear below.
You can also choose to generate your keys with bitaddress instead of Bitcoin Core like we learned above if you desire. But most people say Core is the safer option. You can choose the bulk wallet option in bitaddress to create a large amount of Bitcoin addresses and private keys. You also have the option to experiment with BIP 38 encryption of addresses. You can also use bitaddress to print paper wallets that have the private key on them ready to scan.
Conclusion:
So we have covered a good deal of territory when it comes to generating and securing your Bitcoin keys. You don’t have to follow this tutorial exactly. The goal is to give you options so you can decide what is best for your situation. You may not want to encrypt you keys with LUKS for example, and that may be preferable for many people. Also my advice is to test this system with small amounts first. Send some bits or satoshis to some cold storage addresses and practice importing or sweeping the coins into different wallets until you feel confident you can do it with large amounts.
Now there is a trend common in the BSV community to emphasize ease of use for mainstream users. Handcash for example, or paymail and things like that make it more easy for mainstream people to use Bitcoin without learning things. I don’t necessarily disagree with this, but I also want to push the narrative a little bit back and say that it is good to learn things and do things yourself. I understand having low expectations for mainstream people, of course they are going to want something easy. But I am not going to throw away the high expectations either. How many people spend years at school/university on pointless degrees and barely learn anything. Why not put some effort into learning how to secure your financial sovereignty. It is not that hard, it is all laid out here, and all you have to do is take time to follow the tutorial step by step. Anybody could do this, even a child could learn this.
Here are some useful tools, small files, and websites I have loaded to the Bitcoin chain (SV). Some of these are mentioned above, and some are not. For example the iancoleman tool can be used to generate HD wallets. The coinbin BSV alternative can be used to craft raw transactions and do other things. Core/Wladimir’s public PGP signing keys and signed hashes are also etched and immutably time-stamped onto the unbounded Bitcoin ledger below:
Universal-USB-Installer-2.0.0.0:
https://bico.media/254702c64b189f55ebae3140acbe64fcd608355f8046f75f29ac683a528165e0
Bitaddress.org files:
https://bico.media/12a4c308ea2d26afcd4104fb31b07586c38bbef8b02d78733387a8568dc9f106
Bitcoin Core signed hashes (signed with Wladimir’s key) (SHA256SUMS.asc):
https://bico.media/4191e639014921d346f5cc1c7c0c09eec6c428a446797fd688dda54827c42327
Iancoleman:
https://bico.media/6248a52976ac8350258c1e6a7c46335e0c7a4612ac19d301567ef3bcf8535842
Coinbin(BSV):
https://bico.media/6a1bd8dab68d475e440904824bec55743d6d77e826235b5ebf2459b4453382d5
Core signing keys ( Wladimir J. van der Laan) github:
Core signing keys (Wladimir J. van der Laan) Reddit:
Bitcoin Whitepaper:
If anybody wants to load the Bitcoin Core 0.12.0 linux64 version to the BSV blockchain let me know and I will paste it here. I looked into it but it is 36MB and pretty expensive to load, I think like around 0.35 BSV (about $77) to load it with bico.media if I am not mistaken.
Feedback:
If people have any comments, questions, concerns, or corrections they want to convey please do not be afraid to do so in the comments below and on our subreddit. This tutorial took a good deal of time and energy to put together, so if you found it valuable consider tipping or donating, it will be used for good in this world, and could incentivize and fund future articles and projects:
Paymail:
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cryptorebel@moneybutton.com
BSV/BTC/BCH: 18e6ziYAtBNqzPtebqpYMgHwiqMBYA9nFQ
